History of Indian States
- Andaman and Nicobar Island
In 1789 East India Company established and was soon abandoned following the first war Indian independence in 1857. The British imperialist made a penal settlement for freedom fighters in these islands in 1858., known as Kalapani. Japanese forces occupied in 1942 occupied Andaman and Nicobar island, after their surrender in second world war, British Indian Government ruled on these islands till 1947 and after independence its an Indian territory.
- Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is home to the Pre-Dravidian inhabitants and has witnessed the resurgence of downfall of many kingdoms. From Askoka, Chandragupta Maurya, Satavahanas, Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Anandas, Chalukyas to the Qutub Shahi rule, Mughals and Nizams till the 18th century. It was then taken over by East India Company, and whole of the state except Hyderabad was under British rule till 1947. In 1957, Andhra Pradesh came into being.
- Bihar
Bihar has got its name from Vihars, a Buddhist monastery. The great rulers of the state were were Bimbisara, Udayin who founded the city of Patliputra. The Mauryan emperors, Guptas under Mughals has their capital at Patliputra, modern-day Patna. The medieval times witnessed Muslims invasion and the rule of local Rajput clans. Bihar saw the prosperity under th rule of Mughals, the rule of Nawabs from Bengal and battle of Buxar in 1764. In 1911 Bihar and Orissa separated from Bengal and in 1936, became separate provinces.
- Daman and Diu
From 8th to 13th century, Daman and Diu, part of Goa was a stronghold of the Chowda Rajputs. The Portuguese dethroned Muslims and ruled for 451 years from (1510 -1961).
T hey constructed Fortress of Diu, on the island and it was reconstructed after the siege by Dom Joao de Castroin, 1525. This fortress was plundered by armed band of the Arabs of Muscat. ‘Operation Vijay’ ended the colonial rule of Portuguese. In 1987 Daman and Diu separated from Goa and became separate Union Territory.
- Goa
In ancient times Goa was called Gomant, Goapuri, Gowapur and Gopakapattana. Goans are the descendants from native Dravidians. Goa, was a part of Konkan was import port for medieval traders. It was part of the territories of Ashoka, the great Buddhist emperor of Mauryan Emperor. In 1510, Alfonso de Albequerque captured Goa from Yusuf Ali Adil Shah and they influenced Goan life and Christianity was absorbed by the inhabitants. They made the city Panaji , which i the capital city. On 30th May 1987 Goa became an independent state.
- Jammu Kashmir
A panoramic paradise of snow clad mountains, Jammu Kashmir formed a major caravan route in the ancient times, which led to the trade relations between China and Central Asia and various coalesce of social and cultural groups. It’s believed Kashyapa led the foundation of Kashmir. Maharaj Gulab Singh, in 1820, got the Jagir of Jammu from Maharaj Ranjit Sigh and in 1846 Kashmir was sold to him, which led to the integration of Jammu and Kashmir into a single political unit. Gulab Singh led to the foundation of Dogra dynasty.
- Gujarat
It’s an important territory housing Indus Valley civilization and Harappan sites, and reveals history of India. The Dravidians were the original habitants of this region. The Mughals ruled for almost 2 centuries till the mid of eighties, then Marathas rose to power.
- Maharashtra
Vidharba, the region from the epic Mahabharatha, comprises of Maharashtra. It was a part of the Mauryan Empire, and after its fall many diverse dynasties Satavahanas, Vakatas, the Rashtrakutas, Kalachuris, Chalukyas and the Yadhavas ruled bringing their own cultural flavors. In 17th century Maratha-Marathi warriors rose to power. Peshwas succeeding Shivaji built Maratha Empire. It extended from Gwalior in the North to Tanjore in the South. In 1818, it became a part of Bombay Presidency and in 1960 it attained statehood.
- Kerala
‘God’s Own Country’ Kerala is believed to be the gift of the Arabian Sea. Malayalam era ‘Kollavarsha’ is believed to have started in the 9th century A.D. Malayalam era ‘Kollavarsha’ is believed to have started in the 9th century A.D. In 1502 Portuguese came to Kochi; Kerala was then divided into the Kingdoms of Malabar, Kochi and Travancore. Malabar witnessed the rule of Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan and direct rule of the British; Kochi and Travancore were princely states owing allegiance to the British. In 1949 these states were integrated and Kerala was formed in 1956.
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